节水农业综合效益评价研究进展

【目的】正确评价节水农业,有利于规模化节水农业发展,促进农业可持续发展。【方法】通过对国内外研究资料的分析,探讨节水农业综合效益评价研究的发展情况。【结果】提出了节水农业综合效益评价未来的发展趋势,阐述近年来广泛应用的综合效益评价方法。【结论】综合效益评价已经涉及人类生活领域的各个方面,其应用的范围也越来越广,所使用的方法也越来越多,因此对综合评价的方法和理论进行整理、总结,具有重要意义。     

现代化养猪场三维建模与视景仿真系统的研究

为构建现代化养猪场三维模型和可视化软件系统,本研究利用三维视图设计方法获得猪舍建筑及设施的模型参数,根据参数生成育肥猪舍、妊娠猪舍、产房、母猪舍和空气过滤型公猪舍等三维模型;采用三维可视化、视景仿真、数字动画技术,实现包括养殖区域、环保设施和文化公园等场景的现代化猪场虚拟现实创意图,从而可在互联网平台上再现养猪场环境与设施装备场景,并为猪场生产管理和监测预警物联网系统的设计与实现提供技术支持。     

京海黄鸡杂交组合亲本鸡球虫抗性指标的比较

为研究京海黄鸡杂交组合亲本BB鸡与FF鸡鸡球虫病抗性的差异,试验选取BB和FF公鸡各30只,饲养至9日龄时,每个群体随机分为免疫组(n=15)和非免疫对照组(n=15),分组当天免疫组京海黄鸡杂交组合亲本按正典鸡球虫病四价活疫苗说明书要求接种鸡球虫疫苗,疫苗免疫后第8天采用生物素双抗体酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定免疫组和非免疫对照组8个血浆球虫抗性指标,并进行差异显著性检验.结果显示,BB鸡免疫组过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和白介素17(IL-17)的含量显著高于FF鸡免疫组(P <0.05);BB杂交组合亲本免疫组CAT含量极显著高于对照组(P <0.01),SOD含量显著高于对照组(P <0.05);FF杂交组合亲本免疫组CAT和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量均显著高于对照组(P <0.05).综合分析结果表明,BB鸡免疫效果优于FF鸡群体,BB鸡球虫病抗性优于FF鸡群体.     

南方规模化奶牛场草基循环农业模式研究

针对奶牛养殖快速发展带来的资源浪费和环境污染问题,探讨了南方规模化奶牛场循环农业模式并提出了相关策略。提出养殖场粪污(包括奶牛粪、尿和养殖废水)是造成环境污染的主要因子,牧草是消纳养殖场粪污,变废为宝,构成循环利用链的主要载体。因此南方规模化奶牛养殖可以就地取材、就近利用,构筑形成草基循环农业模式。草基循环农业模式结合规模化奶牛养殖对鲜草需要量大、杂交狼尾草产量高且对奶牛场污水氨氮吸收率高的三大因素而构建,是低耗高效、安全优质、清洁生态的循环农业模式。     

农田无线传感器网络中的簇首轮换机制

在大规模农田无线传感器网络WSN应用中,如何选择最优的网络架构和相应的自组织方式是一个急需研究的问题。在多跳、无线自组织网络Ad Hoc结构基础之上,针对规模农田面积大、作物生长周期长、传感器节点众多的特点,借鉴生物体内大量细胞生长发育和相互协作的组织机理,提出一种星状网和网状网相结合的分层无线传感器网络拓扑结构和簇首轮换机制,通过簇内控制减少节点与基站远距离的信令交互,降低网络建立的复杂度,减少网络路由和数据处理的开销。     

Post-vaccination antibodies profile against Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in sheep and goats of Punjab,Pakistan

A total of 70 sheep and 330 goats were selected randomly. All the animals were kept under same housing and management conditions. Serum samples were collected from all the animals and tested for the presence of antibodies against Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus using competitive ELISA (cELISA). All the animals were found negative showing percentage inhibition (PI) values <50. The animals were vaccinated against PPR with Nig/75/1 strain vaccine of PPR Serum samples were collected from randomly selected 12 sheep and 30 goats at 10, 30 and 45 days post-vaccination. The samples were subjected to cELISA to determine the presence of antibodies against PPRV. The samples with PI >50 were considered as sero-positive. The sheep found positive at 10, 30 and 45 days post-vaccination were 1(8.3%), 7(58.3%) and 12(100%) respectively. In case of goats 3(10.0%), 29(96.6%) and 27(90.0%) animals gave positive results at 10, 30 and 45 days post-vaccination respectively. Mean PI values in sheep at 10, 30 and 45 days post-vaccination were recorded as 37, 65 and 91 respectively, whereas in goats these values were 43, 78 and 86 respectively.     

The optimal immunization procedure of DNA vaccine pcDNA–TA4–IL-2 of Eimeria tenella and its cross-immunity to Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria acervulina

The immunization procedure of DNA vaccine pcDNA–TA4–IL-2 of Eimeria tenella, including route, dose, time of immunization and age of primary immunization of chicken, was optimized. The stability and the cross-species protection of the vaccine were also analyzed. Efficacy of immunization was evaluated on the basis of oocyst decrease ratio, lesion score, body-weight gain and the anti-coccidial index (ACI). Chinese Yellow chickens were randomly distributed into corresponding groups (30/group). The challenged, unchallenged and vector control groups were designed. The results illustrated that 25 μg was the optimal dose and intramuscular injection was the most effective route to induce protective immunity. There were no significant differences of ACIs between boosting and non-boosting groups. Storage time and temperature had little effect on the immunizing efficacy of the vaccine. The vaccine could provide partial cross-protection against the challenge with E. necatrix and E. acervulina, but not with E. maxima.     

Identifying obstacles to reducing the use of antibiotics to control porcine proliferative enteropathy

Proliferative enteropathy (PE) is an enteric disease of pigs that results in diarrhoea, reduced growth rate, reduced feed conversion efficiency and sometimes death. A survey of 13 pig veterinary practitioners in Australia was conducted to determine: (1) PE control strategies (antibiotics and vaccination), (2) how the efficacies of these strategies are evaluated and (3) how reliance on antibiotics could be reduced by increasing vaccine adoption. Antibiotics were routinely prescribed in the diets of weaner, grower and finisher pigs by 9/13, 10/13 and 8/13 veterinarians, respectively, if vaccination was not implemented. Water-soluble antibiotics were prescribed less frequently than in-feed antibiotics. Efficacy of control strategies was assessed most often through reduced clinical signs (diarrhoea, 'tail-ender' pigs, death) and reduced lesion incidence at abattoir postmortem inspection. Twelve practitioners had recommended PE vaccination to their clients in the previous 6 months. Barriers to continued vaccine implementation included perceived lack of efficacy for pigs housed in bedded systems, high cost relative to medication and difficulties in vaccinating pigs post-weaning.     

枯叶蛱蝶规模化人工繁育研究

通过对成虫繁殖的空间条件、补充营养、卵期保育和幼虫饲育技术等的研究,找出了枯叶蛱蝶规模化繁育中的关键条件．在2头/m2的成虫密度条件下,雌蝶在一个高3 m、占地50 m2的网室空间内平均产卵量达到2457粒;10%～20%蜂糖水溶液能满足成虫营养需要,雌蝶平均产卵量为236.8～243.3粒;在蜂糖水中加入5%乙醇后,雌蝶平均产卵量最高达到279.8粒;将每日产下的卵收集起来在小玻璃瓶内保育,在卵临近孵化时将小瓶夹在寄主叶片附近;幼虫1～2龄期间在室外寄主上套袋放养,放养虫口密度为100～150头/袋;3～5龄期在室内饲养,饲养密度为600～800头/m\+2,室内温度控制在19～28℃;健康蛹不需要附着在物体下亦能正常羽化,但不宜在低温下贮存．      

克氏原螯虾温室大棚规模化繁育技术及工艺

本文详尽阐述了克氏原螯虾温室大棚规模化繁育技术,包括繁育设施的建造、工厂化人工诱导繁殖,规模化网箱育苗技术等,为克氏原螯虾育苗生产提供借鉴。